APLIKASI SMART CARD UNTUK AKSES PINTU BERBASIS SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER MINI2440

Keamanan adalahfaktor utama untuk hampir semua aspek kehidupan manusia. Akses yang tidak sah terhadap kepemilikan seseorang dapat mengakibatkan lingkungan yang lidak aman dan kejadian yang tidak diinginkan. Sistem kontrol akses pintu akan meningkatkan keamanan dan mewujudkan lingkungan kerja yang lebih aman. Penelitian ini menerapkan smart card untuk sistem kontrol akses pintu. Smart card adalah kartu plastik yang terdapat microchip yang digunakan untuk menyimpan data. Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan kartu pintar non-sentuh. Contactless smart card mengimplementasikan RFID untuk transaksi data dan komunikasi menuju dan dari unit pembaca kartu. Penggunaan RFID membuat tidak diperlukannya kontak fisik untuk komunikasi data sehingga umur penggunaan kartu lebih lama dan umur alat yang lebih lama. Kartu pintar non-sentuh digunakan untuk identifikasi pengguna dalam sistem kontrol akses pintu yang dikembangkan. Single board computer Mini2440 dipilih sebagai pengo\u27!trol utama sistem yang dirancang. Hasi/ pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem tersebut bekerja seperti yang dirancang. Sistem dapat mengidentifikasi beberapa pengguna masing-masing dengan kartu yang berbeda. Penggunaan sistem ini memungkinkan implementasi akses yang spesifik berdasarkan waktu. Pengembangan sistem akan meliputi pengendalian banyak titik akses dengan menggunakan satu komputer papan tunggal dan sistem pemantauan jarak jauh dengan menggunakan web server untuk memantau semua titik akses

Modular architecture providing convergent and ubiquitous intelligent connectivity for networks beyond 2030

The transition of the networks to support forthcoming beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G services introduces a number of important architectural challenges that force an evolution of existing operational frameworks. Current networks have introduced technical paradigms such as network virtualization, programmability and slicing, being a trend known as network softwarization. Forthcoming B5G and 6G services imposing stringent requirements will motivate a new radical change, augmenting those paradigms with the idea of smartness, pursuing an overall optimization on the usage of network and compute resources in a zero-trust environment. This paper presents a modular architecture under the concept of Convergent and UBiquitous Intelligent Connectivity (CUBIC), conceived to facilitate the aforementioned transition. CUBIC intends to investigate and innovate on the usage, combination and development of novel technologies to accompany the migration of existing networks towards Convergent and Ubiquitous Intelligent Connectivity (CUBIC) solutions, leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) mechanisms and Machine Learning (ML) tools in a totally secure environment

A Review on Programming Approaches for Dynamic Industrial Cyber Physical Systems

Industrial automation and control systems are going through a big change, adopting the modern computing and Internet technologies to give completely new agility and adaptability properties to production plants, transport and energy systems and infrastructures, often referred to as Industrial Cyber Physical Systems (ICPS). In manufacturing, they are expected to cope with product customizations, changes in the market or supply chain, or failures. However, the wide adoption of ICPS requires rethinking approaches to their design and programming. This article reviews the state of the art of programming approaches for ICPS and analyses their capabilities, in the hope that it will help researchers to identify potential opportunities of future development of software solutions for ICPS.Peer reviewe

OPC UA information model and a wrapper for IEC 61499 runtimes

OPC UA is considered as an important communication technology for Industry 4.0 components. On the other hand, IEC 61499 is one of the technologies available for developing applications to the same components. In this paper, a proposal for an OPC UA information model for IEC 61499 systems is developed in order to enhance communication with IEC 61499 applications through OPC UA. Already existing related information models, particularly OPC UA for Devices and IEC 61131-3, are utilized as models and parts of the design. An OPC UA wrapper for IEC 61499 runtimes is presented as one possible way to implement the information model. Both the information model and the wrapper are then tested through a case study.Peer reviewe

On Achieving Reliable Communication in IEC 61499

This paper proposes a novel extension for communication in the lEC 61499 standard. Inspired by the features found in the formal programming language SystemJ, the extension supports reliable and guaranteed communication in distributed execution of function block application(s)/program(s). The extension utilizes mechanisms agnostic on underlying network protocols and are based on formal semantics that guarantee data delivery. The use of proposed extension, called channel, is demonstrated in an industrial automation-type example.Peer reviewe

On enhancing reconfigurability of I/O connection and access in IEC 61499

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 IEEE.The efficiency and flexibility of data connection establishment in the automation system development architecture of IEC 61499 is important to support portability and flexibility. To improve this aspect, this paper proposes a method integrating OPC UA functionalities and I/O-accessing capabilities, introducing two function blocks, SmartIX and SmartQX. The solution is illustrated with one use case and comparison with the existing solution. The comparison shows that our proposed solution can improve efficiency, flexibility and portability for IEC 61499 by making fewer changes to existing systems from debugging mode to production mode.Peer reviewe

Towards formal monitoring of workpieces in agile manufacturing

Information about the locations of objects is one of the main ingredients of Industry 4.0. With the increased use of flexible and agile manufacturing techniques, the monitoring of workpieces in a factory can become more challenging. In this paper, we present a state-machine-based approach for monitoring workpieces using sensors such as RFID readers. We present a solution where each object is represented as a deterministic state machine to monitor the object's journey throughout production via this state machine representation. Multiple objects can be monitored at the same time by running parallel event-based state machines. We present an implementation of our solution using RFID-Readers and OPC UA.Peer reviewe

Applying Skill-based Engineering using OPC-UA in Production System with a Digital Twin

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 IEEE.The increasing demand for flexibility in the production industry has brought the need for plug and produce systems, in which components from various vendors and suppliers can be easily integrated into the production plant and without a lot of effort on the ground-level these components can be controlled. This paper proposes a novel engineering approach, combining the IEC 61499 component-based organisation of software with high-level command interface, known as skills, communicated between the components via OPC-UA. The approach is illustrated on a laboratory-scale flexible assembly system, composed of pneumatic jacks, mechatronic conveyors, robots and AGV's. The proposed platform demonstrates the ease of improving flexibility in the production scenarios.Peer reviewe

On Portability of IEC 61499 Compliant Structures and Systems

This paper investigates the portability features of three different IEC 61499 standard compliant tools. The study focuses on migrating the basic and composite function block types and system architecture with application networks and device configurations from one tool to another. A converter program is subsequently created using Python programming language to automate the required modification process, thus enabling the files to migrate between the compliant tools. The study takes into consideration NxtStudio, FBDK and 4DIAC software tools. In every tool, similar function blocks and system structures are created. The portability of these created elements is examined between the tools, resulting in a table that numerically evaluates the portability from one tool to another.Peer reviewe

Towards cloud-based virtual commissioning of distributed automation applications with IEC 61499 and containerization technology

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 IEEE.The need of manufacturing industries to adapt to the demand from customers and the volatile market drives the need for digitalization to realize the so-called smart factory. Smart factory, Compared to traditional factories, smart factory needs to possess high flexibility and stability and often has to employ digital twin. Compared to IEC 61131-3 standard used in traditional industrial production, IEC 61499 standard can bring more advantages to meet the realization of Smart Factory, such as flexibility, distribution and event-driven execution. In this paper, we propose a new Virtual Commissioning (VC) architecture for IEC 61499-based control applications. We build an online collaborative VC platform with the help of cloud computing and containerization technologies. Furthermore, we discuss and propose the utilization of soft-PLC containers from different vendors to meet users' commissioning requirements for different hardware configurations. Compared with the traditional offline single-person debugging method,our proposed architecture can improve the flexibility, collaboration and efficiency of control software debugging in a more interactive and collaborative style via the online platform we implemented.Peer reviewe